The pluperfect tense - Easy Learning Grammar German

What is the pluperfect tense?
The pluperfect is a verb tense which describes something that had happened or had been true at a point in the past, for example, I’d forgotten to finish my homework.

1 Using the pluperfect tense

You can often recognize a pluperfect tense in English by a form like I had arrived, you’d fallen.

Sie waren schon weggefahren.	They had already left.
Diese Bücher hatten sie schon gelesen.	They had already read these books.
Ich hatte mir das neueste iPad-Modell zum Geburtstag gewünscht.	I had asked for the latest iPad for my birthday.

Note that when translating had done/had been doing in conjunction with seit/seitdem, you use the imperfect tense in German.

Sie machte es seit Jahren.

She had been doing it for years.

For more information on the Imperfect tense, see The imperfect tense.

2 Forming the pluperfect tense

Like the perfect tense, the pluperfect tense in German has two parts to it:

the imperfect tense of the verb haben (meaning to have) or sein (meaning to be)

the past participle.

If a verb takes haben in the perfect tense, then it will take haben in the pluperfect too. If a verb takes sein in the perfect, then it will take sein in the pluperfect.

For more information on the Imperfect tense and the Perfect tense, see The imperfect tense and The perfect tense.

3 Verbs taking haben

Here are the pluperfect tense forms of holen (meaning to fetch) in full.

Pronoun	haben	Past Participle	Meanings
ich	hatte	geholt	I had fetched
du	hattest	geholt	you had fetched
er sie es	hatte	geholt	he/she/it had fetched
wir	hatten	geholt	we had fetched
ihr	hattet	geholt	you (plural) had fetched
sie Sie	hatten	geholt	they had fetched you (polite) had fetched

Ich hatte schon mit ihm gesprochen.

I had already spoken to him.

4 Verbs taking sein

Here are the pluperfect tense forms of reisen (meaning to travel) in full.

Pronoun	sein	Past Participle	Meanings
ich	war	gereist	I had travelled
du	warst	gereist	you had travelled
er sie es	war	gereist	he/she/it had travelled
wir	waren	gereist	we had travelled
ihr	wart	gereist	you (plural) had travelled
sie Sie	waren	gereist	they had travelled you (polite) had travelled

Sie war sehr spät angekommen.

She had arrived very late.

Key points

The pluperfect tense describes things that had happened or were true at a point in the past before something else happened.
It is formed with the imperfect tense of haben or sein and the past participle.
Verbs which take haben in the perfect tense will take haben in the pluperfect tense and those which take sein in the perfect tense will take sein in the pluperfect tense.

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